Why High Density EEG?
Adequate Spatial Sampling
Malmivuo, J. & Plonsey, R. (1995). Bioelectromagnetism. New York: Oxford University Press.
Ryynanen, O. R., Hyttinen, J. A., Laarne, P. H., & Malmivuo, J. A. (2004). Effect of electrode density and measurement noise on the spatial resolution of cortical potential distribution. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng, 51(9), 1547-1554.
Ryynanen, O. R., Hyttinen, J. A., & Malmivuo, J. A. (2006). Effect of measurement noise and electrode density on the spatial resolution of cortical potential distribution with different resistivity values for the skull. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng, 53(9), 1851-1858.
Srinivasan, R., Tucker, D. M., & Murias, M. (1998). Estimating the spatial Nyquist of the human EEG. Behavioral Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 30, 8-19.
Detecting Clinical Signs
Holmes, M. D. (2008). High Density EEG: Methodology and new hypothesis on epilepsy syndromes. Epilepsia, 49, 3-14.
Holmes, M. D., Brown, M., & Tucker, D. M. (2004). Are "generalized" seizures truly generalized? Evidence of localized mesial frontal and frontopolar discharges in absence. Epilepsia, 45(12), 1568-1579.
Lantz, G., Grave de Peralta, R., Spinelli, L., Seeck, M., & Michel, C. M. (2003). Epileptic source localization with high density EEG: how many electrodes are needed? Clin Neurophysiol, 114(1), 63-69.
Neurophysiology in the Brain
Lantz, G., Spinelli, L., Seeck, M., de Peralta Menendez, R. G., Sottas, C. C., & Michel, C. M. (2003). Propagation of interictal epileptiform activity can lead to erroneous source localizations: a 128-channel EEG mapping study. Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology, 20, 311-319.
Michel, C. M., Grave de Peralta, R., Lantz, G., Gonzalez Andino, S., Spinelli, L., Blanke, O. et al. (1999). Spatiotemporal EEG analysis and distributed source estimation in presurgical epilepsy evaluation. J Clin Neurophysiol, 16(3), 239-66.
Michel, C. M., Murray, M. M., Lantz, G., Gonzalez, S., Spinelli, L., & Grave de Peralta, R. (2004). EEG source imaging. Clin Neurophysiol, 115(10), 2195-2222.
Seeck, M., Michel, C. M., Spinelli, L., & Lazeyras, F. (2001). EEG mapping and functional MRI in presurgical epilepsy evaluation. Rev Neurol (Paris), 157(8-9 Pt 1), 747-51.
Tucker, D. M., Brown, M., Luu, P., & Holmes, M. D. (2007). Discharges in ventromedial frontal cortex during absence spells. Epilepsy and Behavior, 11, 546-557.
Cost Savings in the EEG Laboratory
Marketing the EEG Laboratory
With the increasing popular press on EGI's Geodesic EEG System, patients are now requesting EGI's HD EEG not only because of its improved accuracy, but also because it is painless.
Parents particularly are concerned that their children have not only the best care, but are spared the pain and discomfort of outmoded EEG methods that require scraping the scalp, uncomfortable elastic caps, or toxic glues.
In communities where HD EEG is available, physicians and administrators are seeing an important competitive advantage of the increased visibility brought to their hospital or clinic. EGI's clinical sales representatives can provide examples of case stories in which the appearance of an EGI laboratory in a community changed the competitive medical climate.